英文文法分析: 句子
In writing the following sentence, here is what I consider grammatically:
“It is messy and hard going through a divorce.” (http://my.iciba.com/blog-1301610-409359.html)
1. Subject (主语) and Predicate (谓语)
Each sentences can be divided into 2 parts: a subject and a predicate.
There is only a pronoun “It” in the subject. The rest of the sentence is the predicate.
2. The Verb (动词) “is”
Each sentence must have a verb, and in this sentence, it is the word “is”.
In this sentence I am making a generalization statement on what a divorce is like, and so it’s appropriate to use “simple present tense”.
The verb form must agree with the subject. Since the subject “it” is third person singular, therefore the appropriate verb form is “is”.
The verb “is” is an intransitive verb (不及物动词), which is also called a linking verb (连系动词), therefore there won’t be an object 宾语involved.
3. Grammatical Components and Functions
It (pronoun, subject) is (verb) messy (adjective 形容词, modifying 修饰subject “it”) and (conjunction 连接词joining “messy” & “hard”) hard (another adjective 形容词, modifying subject “it”) going through a divorce (an adverbial 副词phrase in the form of present participle 现在分词phrase modifying the 2 adjectives “messy” & “hard”).
The analysis of the adverbial phrase is: “going (present participle, modifying “messy” & “hard”) through a divorce (a preposition phrase functions as an adverbial 副词 in modifying the present participate “going”).”
Since it is a generalization referring to any divorce, therefore the article 冠词“a” (functions as an adjective modifying the noun “divorce”) and not the article “the” is chosen. Although including “a” is preferred, you can also skip the article “a” in the phrase as “going through divorce”.
4. Spelling
Once you know the grammatical functions of the words, you should know how to spell them correctly. For example, spell “hard” in the adjective form “hard” and not the adverb form “hardly”.
5. Pronoun “It”
A pronoun stands in the place a noun, and so the grammar rule is a pronoun must have an antecedent noun 居先名词in a stand-alone 独立sentence. The question is where is the antecedent noun for the pronoun “it”?
The subject “it” in this sentence structure is sometimes called a “dummy subject” which takes the place of the delayed subject phrase “going through a divorce”.
You can see it clearly if you rewrite the sentence by replacing “it” with the adverbial phrase as “Going through a divorce is messy and hard”.
6. Gerund Phrase “Going through a divorce”
In the rewritten sentence, the subject “It” in the former sentence is now replaced by a gerund phrase 动名词词组“Going through a divorce”.
In the gerund phrase “Going through a divorce”, the gerund 动名词“going” is modified 修饰by the preposition phrase 前置词词组“through a divorce” describing how the “going” proceeds.
The preposition phrase is made up of a preposition 前置词“through” taking on an object “divorce” preceded by an article “a” 冠词.
A grammar rule you should remember is the partner of a preposition must be a noun or pronoun. The noun/pronoun usually follows immediately after the preposition, as in “through a divorce”. However, it is not a sin to end a sentence with a preposition, such as “Whom were you playing with?”
The two adjectives “messy” and “hard” now modify the gerund phrase functioning as a subject 主语.
Conclusion
Wow, that’s a lot of work to write a simple sentence, right? Don’t worry. Once you get used to it, observing grammar rules will become second nature to you and you can make grammatically correct sentences fast and easy.
“It is messy and hard going through a divorce.” (http://my.iciba.com/blog-1301610-409359.html)
1. Subject (主语) and Predicate (谓语)
Each sentences can be divided into 2 parts: a subject and a predicate.
There is only a pronoun “It” in the subject. The rest of the sentence is the predicate.
2. The Verb (动词) “is”
Each sentence must have a verb, and in this sentence, it is the word “is”.
In this sentence I am making a generalization statement on what a divorce is like, and so it’s appropriate to use “simple present tense”.
The verb form must agree with the subject. Since the subject “it” is third person singular, therefore the appropriate verb form is “is”.
The verb “is” is an intransitive verb (不及物动词), which is also called a linking verb (连系动词), therefore there won’t be an object 宾语involved.
3. Grammatical Components and Functions
It (pronoun, subject) is (verb) messy (adjective 形容词, modifying 修饰subject “it”) and (conjunction 连接词joining “messy” & “hard”) hard (another adjective 形容词, modifying subject “it”) going through a divorce (an adverbial 副词phrase in the form of present participle 现在分词phrase modifying the 2 adjectives “messy” & “hard”).
The analysis of the adverbial phrase is: “going (present participle, modifying “messy” & “hard”) through a divorce (a preposition phrase functions as an adverbial 副词 in modifying the present participate “going”).”
Since it is a generalization referring to any divorce, therefore the article 冠词“a” (functions as an adjective modifying the noun “divorce”) and not the article “the” is chosen. Although including “a” is preferred, you can also skip the article “a” in the phrase as “going through divorce”.
4. Spelling
Once you know the grammatical functions of the words, you should know how to spell them correctly. For example, spell “hard” in the adjective form “hard” and not the adverb form “hardly”.
5. Pronoun “It”
A pronoun stands in the place a noun, and so the grammar rule is a pronoun must have an antecedent noun 居先名词in a stand-alone 独立sentence. The question is where is the antecedent noun for the pronoun “it”?
The subject “it” in this sentence structure is sometimes called a “dummy subject” which takes the place of the delayed subject phrase “going through a divorce”.
You can see it clearly if you rewrite the sentence by replacing “it” with the adverbial phrase as “Going through a divorce is messy and hard”.
6. Gerund Phrase “Going through a divorce”
In the rewritten sentence, the subject “It” in the former sentence is now replaced by a gerund phrase 动名词词组“Going through a divorce”.
In the gerund phrase “Going through a divorce”, the gerund 动名词“going” is modified 修饰by the preposition phrase 前置词词组“through a divorce” describing how the “going” proceeds.
The preposition phrase is made up of a preposition 前置词“through” taking on an object “divorce” preceded by an article “a” 冠词.
A grammar rule you should remember is the partner of a preposition must be a noun or pronoun. The noun/pronoun usually follows immediately after the preposition, as in “through a divorce”. However, it is not a sin to end a sentence with a preposition, such as “Whom were you playing with?”
The two adjectives “messy” and “hard” now modify the gerund phrase functioning as a subject 主语.
Conclusion
Wow, that’s a lot of work to write a simple sentence, right? Don’t worry. Once you get used to it, observing grammar rules will become second nature to you and you can make grammatically correct sentences fast and easy.
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评论内容
Easier said than done.
说起来容易做起来难
说起来容易做起来难
回复：Blackout: u never know until u try; if u try, u can only go forward, not backward, right? Alex
沙发 Date:2009-09-08 17:32:35
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