网络过滤软件规定7.1
Chinese Bristle At PC Web-Filter Rule
Some Chinese Internet users criticized a government plan to require personal computer makers to ship Internet-filtering software with all new PCs, after state-run media publicized details of the initiative.
The 'Green Dam-Youth Escort' software was developed by two government-linked Chinese companies to help parents keep children from seeing pornography on the Internet. But foreign industry executives, U.S. officials and Internet-freedom advocates say the software could extend the Chinese government's censorship powers and cause privacy and security problems.
The government said all PC makers must include the software with all PCs sold in China starting July 1. The notice detailing the plan was first reported Sunday by The Wall Street Journal, posted online in China Monday and publicized widely in state media Tuesday.
As word of the plan reached Chinese users, some voiced concerns in online forums. 'It's unreasonable to preinstall some stuff I don't know about without my approval when I'm buying a PC for myself,' wrote one Internet user under the name 'Jiangfei Juede' on Tianya.cn, one of China's largest Internet forums. 'I don't know what Web sites they want to filter,' the user wrote. 'Who is going to decide and make judgment about which Web sites are 'bad'?'
Others worried that the program could be used to collect private user data -- something the primary developer says it has no intention of doing, though it is technically possible. 'It's already hard to have privacy [on the Internet]. This could make things worse,' wrote a user from Beijing on Sina.com, one of China's largest Web portals.
On Tuesday, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology posted on its Web site, for the first time, a copy of the official two-page notice that it distributed to PC companies in May. A ministry spokesman declined to answer questions about the notice or the plan.
Some Chinese Web users are keenly aware of government censorship -- and they have the means to circumvent it, including the use of code words to discuss sensitive topics. But the vast majority of China's 298 million Internet users use the Web for entertainment, such as playing games, listening to music or sharing photos. It remains uncertain whether most people who buy a new PC will know the Web-filter software was included because of a government mandate. Or, they may see it as standard parental-control software.
The creators of the Green Dam software say it shouldn't be a cause for concern. In a demonstration Tuesday for The Wall Street Journal, Bryan Zhang, founder of Jinhui Computer System Engineering Co., which developed Green Dam with input from another company, said the software is used only to block pornography and other content inappropriate for children. He said the software doesn't collect user data and that it can be turned off, or uninstalled.
The government's notice indicates PC companies will have the option of installing the Green Dam software on the hard drive, or on a compact disk accompanying the PC -- although industry officials remain uncertain whether the second option will really be allowed. In the demonstration, Mr. Zhang said users who have the software on the hard drive of their new PC would need to use an installer program to activate it. When they do so, they have the option of registering the software by providing some personal information. Users are given a standard password, which they can change, that enables them to access the program's settings or turn it off.
Mr. Zhang showed how parents can turn on or off filtering for five categories of content: 'adult/pornography,' 'extreme adult/pornography,' 'violent games,' 'homosexuality' and 'illegal activities/drugs.' He said that 'illegal activities' includes, but isn't limited to, gambling. Green Dam also blocks Web sites with images that it detects to have nudity. Users can also opt to turn off the notifications that appear when a Web site is blocked.
Mr. Zhang says the patented technology is sophisticated enough to differentiate between photos of scantily clad people and people who are completely naked. However, he acknowledged it's possible for the program to mistakenly block some Web sites, or allow Web sites with nudity to pass through filters.
Mr. Zhang said Green Dam blocks Web sites based on a 'black list' maintained by his company. Parents can't alter that list, but can add sites to a personalized list for blocking. There is also a company-maintained 'white list' of sites that are prevented from being filtered out, which includes CNN.com among others, and parents can add their own protected sites. Parents can download updates to the database via the Internet as they would for other software, but they don't have to.
Mr. Zhang's explanations aren't likely to satisfy all the concerns raised about the software. For one thing, users won't be told what's on the company-maintained black list. Mr. Zhang says the list won't be made public to avoid promoting the blocked Web sites.
Industry executives and others have also raised concerns the government could decide to control the list of blocked sites. Mr. Zhang said he can't speak on behalf of the government.
The two largest U.S. PC makers, Hewlett-Packard Co., and Dell Inc., said they were evaluating the software.
Susan Stevenson, spokeswoman for the U.S. Embassy in Beijing, said the embassy is continuing to meet with industry groups about Green Dam concerns.
'The U.S. is concerned about actions that seek to restrict access to the Internet as well as restrictions on the internationally recognized right to freedom of expression,' she said. 'We have consistently pressed for greater freedom of expression, freedom of the Internet, and the free flow of information with Chinese officials.'
Loretta Chao
中
国政府计划要求个人电脑制造商在全部新出厂的电脑上预装互联网过滤软件；中国国有媒体公布了计划的细节后，一些中国互联网用户对计划进行了批评。
这款名为“绿坝-花季护航”的过滤软件由两家与政府有关联的中国企业开发，用于帮助家长避免孩子在互联网上接触色情内容。不过外国业内管理人士、美国官员和互联网维权人士说，这款软件可能会扩大中国政府的审查权力，造成隐私和安全问题。
政府宣布，从7月1日开始，所有个人电脑制造商在中国销售的电脑必须全部预装过滤软件。详述这一计划的通知最早由《华尔街日报》在周日报导，周一在中国网上出现，周二在国有媒体上广泛公布。
随着中国用户得知这一计划的内容，一些人在网上论坛中表示了自己的担忧。中国大型互联网论坛天涯网(Tianya.cn)上一位名叫“Jiangfei Juede”的网友写道，在我给自己买电脑的时候，没有我的同意就在电脑上预装一些我不知道的东西，这是不合理的，我不知道他们想过滤什么网站，谁将决定或判断哪些网站是坏的？
其他人担心，这款软件可能会被用来收集用户个人信息；软件的主要开发方说，没有这样做的意图，不过技术上是可以实现的。中国大型门户网站新浪网(Sina.com)上一位北京网友写道，在互联网上已经很难有隐私了，这可能会让情况更糟。
工业和信息化部周二首次在网站上公布了5月份发给电脑制造商的2页官方通知的复印件。该部发言人拒绝就通知和计划发表置评。
北京一家网吧
一些中国互联网用户非常清楚政府的审查，他们也有办法绕过审查，包括用代码字讨论敏感话题。不过中国2.98亿互联网用户中的大部分上网是为了娱乐，比如玩游戏、听音乐或分享照片。目前尚不清楚，大部分购买新电脑的人是否知道电脑预装网络过滤软件是出于政府的命令，抑或他们会把它看成是家长控制孩子网络浏览内容的标准软件。
“绿坝”软件的开发方说，这不应引起人们的担忧。在周二为《华尔街日报》的演示中，金惠计算机系统工程有限公司创始人张晨民说，这款软件只被用来屏蔽色情和其他儿童不宜的内容。他说，这个软件不收集用户信息，也可以被关闭或卸载。“绿坝”软件由金惠开发，信息来自另外一家公司。
中国政府的通知称，个人电脑厂商可以选择在电脑硬盘上安装“绿坝”软件，或是随机附赠包含这一软件的光盘。但行业管理人士仍不清楚政府是否真的允许第二种方式。张晨民在展示中表示，如果这款软件安装在新电脑的硬盘上，那么用户可能需要使用一个安装程序来激活它。在激活过程中，用户可以选择提供一些个人信息来注册软件。用户会得到一个可以更改的标准密码，从而可以对软件进行设定或关闭软件。
张晨民演示了父母们如何启用或关闭对五类内容的过滤：“成人/色情”、“极度成人/色情”、“暴力游戏”、“同性恋”、“非法活动/毒品”。他说，非法活动包括但不限于赌博活动。“绿坝”软件还会检测并屏蔽含有裸露图片的网站。用户还可以选择关掉屏蔽某一网站时出现的通知。
张晨民说，这一专利技术已经相当成熟，足以辨别半裸图片和全裸图片。但他也承认，“绿坝”软件也有可能会错误地屏蔽一些网站，或是让一些含有裸露图片的网站通过过滤。
张晨民说，“绿坝”软件是根据金惠公司列出的网站黑名单对网站进行屏蔽的。父母们不能更改这个名单，但可以增加网站到屏蔽网站名单中。金惠公司还列出了一个“白名单”，上面都是确保不会被过滤掉的网站，其中包括CNN的网站，父母们也可以把自己要求不会被过滤掉的网站添加进这一名单。和使用其他软件一样，父母们可以通过网络下载更新后的屏蔽网站数据库，但他们并不非得这样做。
张晨民的解释可能难以化解对这款软件的所有担忧情绪。其中一个担心是，用户不会被告知金惠公司列出的网站黑名单上有哪些网站。张晨民说，为了避免给被屏蔽网站带来推广，公司不会公布这个名单。
行业管理人士和其他人士还担心，中国政府可能会控制屏蔽网站的黑名单。张晨民说，他不能代表政府就此发表言论。
美国两大个人电脑厂商惠普公司(Hewlett-Packard)和戴尔公司(Dell)表示，他们正在评估这款软件。
美国驻华大使馆发言人史蒂文森(Susan Stevenson)说，大使馆正继续会见行业组织，了解它们对“绿坝”软件的忧虑。她说，美国将关注任何限制网络接入以及限制国际公认言论自由权的举动。我们一直在督促中国实现更广泛的言论自由、互联网的自由以及信息的自由流动。
：【每日互动话题】国家会为上网过滤软件买单多久？（第598期）
国家会为上网过滤软件买单多久？
How long will the government still pay for the “internet filter software?”
工信部近日发布一份文件，要求从7月1日以后，在中国销售的一切计算机必须预装一款名为“绿坝-花季护航”的上网过滤软件，文件解释这样做的目的是“避免互联网不良信息对青少年的影响和毒害”。
Lately, MIIT (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology) issued a document, stating that all the computers sold in China would be installed with the internet filter software ---“Green Dam-Youth Escort” from July, 1st. It further explained that the aim was to “avoid the deleterious influence of the negative information from the internet on the youth.”
关于计算机预装绿色上网过滤软件的通知，一时激起千层浪，为了在全国构建绿色、健康与和谐的网络环境，保障青少年健康成长，通过安装强制绿色上网过滤软件来过滤互联网不良文字和图像内容，达到变相禁止不良网站的想法虽然不错，但其实际效果如何，恐怕还存在疑问？
The notice of the installation of the “internet filter software” aroused immediate controversy over the internet. In order to establish the green, healthy and harmonious internet, and ensure the growth of the youth, it is pretty good to strike off the negative words and graphs from the internet by installing the “internet filter software” so as to ban the pornographic websites, but it is a little doubtful regarding its practical effect.
有人认为：免费使用过滤软件是件好事，但是只免费一年，一年后，谁来付款呢？如果有终身使用权的话，这样会更好。
Some people consider it is a great thing. But if it is free of charge for one year, who will pay for it after one year? It is better to enjoy the life-time free installation.
也有人认为：保护未成年人上网安全的法律法规不可谓不多，但大多只是提倡、推广过滤软件，而不是强制必须预装，比如日本，要求普及过滤软件的力度很大，但并没有因此走极端，指定一款必须预装的过滤软件。这样恐怕“偷鸡不成蚀把米”。而且软件只服务一年，一年后，又何去何从呢？
Others believe that there have been quite a lot laws and regulations for the safety of the minor over the internet. However, most of which are advocated and spread, rather than mandatory, such as Japan took great effort to spread the use of filter software, while it didn’t take the rigid method to designate a specific one. It looks like a sheep “going for wool and coming home shorn”. The free service of software lasts only one year, what about afterwards?
大家的质疑不是政府强制安装过滤软件，而是中央财政资金只买断“绿坝-花季护航”绿色上网过滤软件产品一年使用权，一年后谁来付费呢？个人电脑用户会自愿出钱购买这款软件吗？如果中央财政不肯再出钱，那这过滤软件的命运将会如何？
What is questioned is not that the government forces the installation of the filter software, but the finance of the central government only pays for the usage for one year, who will pay for the rest? Will the PC users be willing to pay for the software? If the government refused to pay for it, where will this software go?
Some Chinese Internet users criticized a government plan to require personal computer makers to ship Internet-filtering software with all new PCs, after state-run media publicized details of the initiative.
The 'Green Dam-Youth Escort' software was developed by two government-linked Chinese companies to help parents keep children from seeing pornography on the Internet. But foreign industry executives, U.S. officials and Internet-freedom advocates say the software could extend the Chinese government's censorship powers and cause privacy and security problems.
The government said all PC makers must include the software with all PCs sold in China starting July 1. The notice detailing the plan was first reported Sunday by The Wall Street Journal, posted online in China Monday and publicized widely in state media Tuesday.
As word of the plan reached Chinese users, some voiced concerns in online forums. 'It's unreasonable to preinstall some stuff I don't know about without my approval when I'm buying a PC for myself,' wrote one Internet user under the name 'Jiangfei Juede' on Tianya.cn, one of China's largest Internet forums. 'I don't know what Web sites they want to filter,' the user wrote. 'Who is going to decide and make judgment about which Web sites are 'bad'?'
Others worried that the program could be used to collect private user data -- something the primary developer says it has no intention of doing, though it is technically possible. 'It's already hard to have privacy [on the Internet]. This could make things worse,' wrote a user from Beijing on Sina.com, one of China's largest Web portals.
On Tuesday, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology posted on its Web site, for the first time, a copy of the official two-page notice that it distributed to PC companies in May. A ministry spokesman declined to answer questions about the notice or the plan.
Some Chinese Web users are keenly aware of government censorship -- and they have the means to circumvent it, including the use of code words to discuss sensitive topics. But the vast majority of China's 298 million Internet users use the Web for entertainment, such as playing games, listening to music or sharing photos. It remains uncertain whether most people who buy a new PC will know the Web-filter software was included because of a government mandate. Or, they may see it as standard parental-control software.
The creators of the Green Dam software say it shouldn't be a cause for concern. In a demonstration Tuesday for The Wall Street Journal, Bryan Zhang, founder of Jinhui Computer System Engineering Co., which developed Green Dam with input from another company, said the software is used only to block pornography and other content inappropriate for children. He said the software doesn't collect user data and that it can be turned off, or uninstalled.
The government's notice indicates PC companies will have the option of installing the Green Dam software on the hard drive, or on a compact disk accompanying the PC -- although industry officials remain uncertain whether the second option will really be allowed. In the demonstration, Mr. Zhang said users who have the software on the hard drive of their new PC would need to use an installer program to activate it. When they do so, they have the option of registering the software by providing some personal information. Users are given a standard password, which they can change, that enables them to access the program's settings or turn it off.
Mr. Zhang showed how parents can turn on or off filtering for five categories of content: 'adult/pornography,' 'extreme adult/pornography,' 'violent games,' 'homosexuality' and 'illegal activities/drugs.' He said that 'illegal activities' includes, but isn't limited to, gambling. Green Dam also blocks Web sites with images that it detects to have nudity. Users can also opt to turn off the notifications that appear when a Web site is blocked.
Mr. Zhang says the patented technology is sophisticated enough to differentiate between photos of scantily clad people and people who are completely naked. However, he acknowledged it's possible for the program to mistakenly block some Web sites, or allow Web sites with nudity to pass through filters.
Mr. Zhang said Green Dam blocks Web sites based on a 'black list' maintained by his company. Parents can't alter that list, but can add sites to a personalized list for blocking. There is also a company-maintained 'white list' of sites that are prevented from being filtered out, which includes CNN.com among others, and parents can add their own protected sites. Parents can download updates to the database via the Internet as they would for other software, but they don't have to.
Mr. Zhang's explanations aren't likely to satisfy all the concerns raised about the software. For one thing, users won't be told what's on the company-maintained black list. Mr. Zhang says the list won't be made public to avoid promoting the blocked Web sites.
Industry executives and others have also raised concerns the government could decide to control the list of blocked sites. Mr. Zhang said he can't speak on behalf of the government.
The two largest U.S. PC makers, Hewlett-Packard Co., and Dell Inc., said they were evaluating the software.
Susan Stevenson, spokeswoman for the U.S. Embassy in Beijing, said the embassy is continuing to meet with industry groups about Green Dam concerns.
'The U.S. is concerned about actions that seek to restrict access to the Internet as well as restrictions on the internationally recognized right to freedom of expression,' she said. 'We have consistently pressed for greater freedom of expression, freedom of the Internet, and the free flow of information with Chinese officials.'
Loretta Chao
中
国政府计划要求个人电脑制造商在全部新出厂的电脑上预装互联网过滤软件；中国国有媒体公布了计划的细节后，一些中国互联网用户对计划进行了批评。
这款名为“绿坝-花季护航”的过滤软件由两家与政府有关联的中国企业开发，用于帮助家长避免孩子在互联网上接触色情内容。不过外国业内管理人士、美国官员和互联网维权人士说，这款软件可能会扩大中国政府的审查权力，造成隐私和安全问题。
政府宣布，从7月1日开始，所有个人电脑制造商在中国销售的电脑必须全部预装过滤软件。详述这一计划的通知最早由《华尔街日报》在周日报导，周一在中国网上出现，周二在国有媒体上广泛公布。
随着中国用户得知这一计划的内容，一些人在网上论坛中表示了自己的担忧。中国大型互联网论坛天涯网(Tianya.cn)上一位名叫“Jiangfei Juede”的网友写道，在我给自己买电脑的时候，没有我的同意就在电脑上预装一些我不知道的东西，这是不合理的，我不知道他们想过滤什么网站，谁将决定或判断哪些网站是坏的？
其他人担心，这款软件可能会被用来收集用户个人信息；软件的主要开发方说，没有这样做的意图，不过技术上是可以实现的。中国大型门户网站新浪网(Sina.com)上一位北京网友写道，在互联网上已经很难有隐私了，这可能会让情况更糟。
工业和信息化部周二首次在网站上公布了5月份发给电脑制造商的2页官方通知的复印件。该部发言人拒绝就通知和计划发表置评。
Getty Images
北京一家网吧
一些中国互联网用户非常清楚政府的审查，他们也有办法绕过审查，包括用代码字讨论敏感话题。不过中国2.98亿互联网用户中的大部分上网是为了娱乐，比如玩游戏、听音乐或分享照片。目前尚不清楚，大部分购买新电脑的人是否知道电脑预装网络过滤软件是出于政府的命令，抑或他们会把它看成是家长控制孩子网络浏览内容的标准软件。
“绿坝”软件的开发方说，这不应引起人们的担忧。在周二为《华尔街日报》的演示中，金惠计算机系统工程有限公司创始人张晨民说，这款软件只被用来屏蔽色情和其他儿童不宜的内容。他说，这个软件不收集用户信息，也可以被关闭或卸载。“绿坝”软件由金惠开发，信息来自另外一家公司。
中国政府的通知称，个人电脑厂商可以选择在电脑硬盘上安装“绿坝”软件，或是随机附赠包含这一软件的光盘。但行业管理人士仍不清楚政府是否真的允许第二种方式。张晨民在展示中表示，如果这款软件安装在新电脑的硬盘上，那么用户可能需要使用一个安装程序来激活它。在激活过程中，用户可以选择提供一些个人信息来注册软件。用户会得到一个可以更改的标准密码，从而可以对软件进行设定或关闭软件。
张晨民演示了父母们如何启用或关闭对五类内容的过滤：“成人/色情”、“极度成人/色情”、“暴力游戏”、“同性恋”、“非法活动/毒品”。他说，非法活动包括但不限于赌博活动。“绿坝”软件还会检测并屏蔽含有裸露图片的网站。用户还可以选择关掉屏蔽某一网站时出现的通知。
张晨民说，这一专利技术已经相当成熟，足以辨别半裸图片和全裸图片。但他也承认，“绿坝”软件也有可能会错误地屏蔽一些网站，或是让一些含有裸露图片的网站通过过滤。
张晨民说，“绿坝”软件是根据金惠公司列出的网站黑名单对网站进行屏蔽的。父母们不能更改这个名单，但可以增加网站到屏蔽网站名单中。金惠公司还列出了一个“白名单”，上面都是确保不会被过滤掉的网站，其中包括CNN的网站，父母们也可以把自己要求不会被过滤掉的网站添加进这一名单。和使用其他软件一样，父母们可以通过网络下载更新后的屏蔽网站数据库，但他们并不非得这样做。
张晨民的解释可能难以化解对这款软件的所有担忧情绪。其中一个担心是，用户不会被告知金惠公司列出的网站黑名单上有哪些网站。张晨民说，为了避免给被屏蔽网站带来推广，公司不会公布这个名单。
行业管理人士和其他人士还担心，中国政府可能会控制屏蔽网站的黑名单。张晨民说，他不能代表政府就此发表言论。
美国两大个人电脑厂商惠普公司(Hewlett-Packard)和戴尔公司(Dell)表示，他们正在评估这款软件。
美国驻华大使馆发言人史蒂文森(Susan Stevenson)说，大使馆正继续会见行业组织，了解它们对“绿坝”软件的忧虑。她说，美国将关注任何限制网络接入以及限制国际公认言论自由权的举动。我们一直在督促中国实现更广泛的言论自由、互联网的自由以及信息的自由流动。
：【每日互动话题】国家会为上网过滤软件买单多久？（第598期）
国家会为上网过滤软件买单多久？
How long will the government still pay for the “internet filter software?”
工信部近日发布一份文件，要求从7月1日以后，在中国销售的一切计算机必须预装一款名为“绿坝-花季护航”的上网过滤软件，文件解释这样做的目的是“避免互联网不良信息对青少年的影响和毒害”。
Lately, MIIT (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology) issued a document, stating that all the computers sold in China would be installed with the internet filter software ---“Green Dam-Youth Escort” from July, 1st. It further explained that the aim was to “avoid the deleterious influence of the negative information from the internet on the youth.”
关于计算机预装绿色上网过滤软件的通知，一时激起千层浪，为了在全国构建绿色、健康与和谐的网络环境，保障青少年健康成长，通过安装强制绿色上网过滤软件来过滤互联网不良文字和图像内容，达到变相禁止不良网站的想法虽然不错，但其实际效果如何，恐怕还存在疑问？
The notice of the installation of the “internet filter software” aroused immediate controversy over the internet. In order to establish the green, healthy and harmonious internet, and ensure the growth of the youth, it is pretty good to strike off the negative words and graphs from the internet by installing the “internet filter software” so as to ban the pornographic websites, but it is a little doubtful regarding its practical effect.
有人认为：免费使用过滤软件是件好事，但是只免费一年，一年后，谁来付款呢？如果有终身使用权的话，这样会更好。
Some people consider it is a great thing. But if it is free of charge for one year, who will pay for it after one year? It is better to enjoy the life-time free installation.
也有人认为：保护未成年人上网安全的法律法规不可谓不多，但大多只是提倡、推广过滤软件，而不是强制必须预装，比如日本，要求普及过滤软件的力度很大，但并没有因此走极端，指定一款必须预装的过滤软件。这样恐怕“偷鸡不成蚀把米”。而且软件只服务一年，一年后，又何去何从呢？
Others believe that there have been quite a lot laws and regulations for the safety of the minor over the internet. However, most of which are advocated and spread, rather than mandatory, such as Japan took great effort to spread the use of filter software, while it didn’t take the rigid method to designate a specific one. It looks like a sheep “going for wool and coming home shorn”. The free service of software lasts only one year, what about afterwards?
大家的质疑不是政府强制安装过滤软件，而是中央财政资金只买断“绿坝-花季护航”绿色上网过滤软件产品一年使用权，一年后谁来付费呢？个人电脑用户会自愿出钱购买这款软件吗？如果中央财政不肯再出钱，那这过滤软件的命运将会如何？
What is questioned is not that the government forces the installation of the filter software, but the finance of the central government only pays for the usage for one year, who will pay for the rest? Will the PC users be willing to pay for the software? If the government refused to pay for it, where will this software go?
上星期优秀词友之星得主是matchparadise：请联系我们，我们将在一个月后发奖。奖励规则和回帖要求实施办法 点击查看
本期话题翻译：jackie0783
最近他们阅读过这篇文章:
评论内容
反正随机附送系统盘 格式化一下就好了
沙发 Date:2009-06-11 17:05:00
